Cripple Essay Example for Free

Cripple Essay Often times, people with disabilities feel sorrow and unfortunate. Nancy Mairs faces sclerosis, a serious condition that limits her ability to do regular, everyday tasks. In her essay, Mairs stresses the meaning of the word â€Å"cripple† to the point in which she defines her own meaning of the term. With the use of rhetorical strategies, Mairs presents herself as a strong, proud individual despite her disabilities. Mairs’ specific language choice reveals that she is not ashamed of her condition. She begins by explaining the first impression of the word â€Å"cripple. † She says, â€Å"People—crippled or not—wince at the word ‘cripple†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬ (line 8). Mairs purposely uses the word â€Å"wince† to emphasis shock and horror of others’ reaction towards the word â€Å"cripple. † This word choice provides an indication of people’s negative thoughts on the word â€Å"cripple. † In contrast, however, Mairs explains that most people do not react as strongly with the words â€Å"handicapped† or â€Å"disabled. Although others may disagree, Mairs reveals that the word â€Å"cripple† provides a neutral connotation that is appropriate to describe herself: a person with an illness. Later on in the text, Mairs reveals that â€Å"cripple† seems like a â€Å"clean word, straightforward, and precise† (line 15). It is evident that she does not feel the slightest offence of being called a cripple. Instead, she feels that it is the appropriate word that best describes her condition. At the same time, Mairs has strong attachments to â€Å"cripple† in relation to who she is as an individual with such difficulties. Mairs’ use of tone creates a stern, serious, and confident attitude that reflects a prideful feeling of being a â€Å"cripple. † She says, â€Å"Mine is one of them. Whatever you call me, I remain crippled. But I don’t care what you call me, so long as it isn’t ‘differently abled’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (line 36). Mair’s short sentences evoke a powerful tone that reflects her indifference towards society’s assumption of who she is: a weak, helpless, and unfortunate individual. However, oppositely, she presents herself as a strong, prideful woman. The tone in this passage reveals Mairs’ feelings toward society’s sympathetic attitudes to those that are physically disabled. Clearly, Mairs does not feel bothered by what others think of her. It is apparent that she takes her situation very lightly as long as no one refers to as â€Å"differently abled† because it describes a person without capability. She strongly presents herself proud and independent individual being as opposed to what society assumes her to be. Unlike society’s attitudes towards the disabled, Mairs presents herself with strength and pride regardless of her condition. Throughout her essay, she changes a new meaning of the word â€Å"cripple† from a horrifying meaning to her own, personal definition. As she delivers her point, Mairs feel that the word â€Å"cripple† is a part of her in regard to who she is: a person with in illness. At the same time, Mairs reveals a sense of acceptance of her condition.

Automated Library System and Integration of Automated Library System Essay Example for Free

Automated Library System and Integration of Automated Library System Essay For the past century, change occurred rapidly in professional industry and has posed significant challenges to those who always tries to be the leader in the professional field. The information waves or some called the information revolution triggered by the rising of networking technologies and personal computers has also impacted to an institution that is quite unknown to some but essential to the community, the library institution. Libraries, as we know of as buildings with stacks of books, magazine, news, files, periodicals and signs of silence all around, may face its extinction someday. One may not run to the library or a librarian for information, but to ones own computer which is the basic of automation. The uprising of globalization, marketization, and privatization had bring significant changes the long-held political and economic beliefs. Governments and social sponsors have been propagating that social institutions—be they hospitals, schools, colleges, and libraries—become self-sufficient if they are to purposefully work and demonstrate their relevance and competence to their clients. Institutional excellence will now have to be achieved through the arm race of technologies rather than through rules, regulations and controls.. Librarians and information managers, therefore, are being asked to generate revenue to become self-sustaining as much as possible. In Malaysia, libraries and information centers have begun to realize that marketing of information products and services is an integral part of administration, especially as a means for improving user satisfaction and promoting the use of services by current and potential users. The main arsenal for libraries in Malaysia can utilize would be the automated library system and integration of automated library system. These systems has proven that it can improve substantially the services that a common library can offer. An integrated library system (ILS), also known as a library management system is a system for a library, used to track, orders made, items owned bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. An Integrated Library System usually consist of a type of relational database, software to interact with that database. Then there’s user interface that would interact with user and also patrons of the library. There are also modules which include acquisition, circulation, cataloguing, serials, OPAC (public interface for users). These features ease the user of library in their research or other tasks. However these systems are strangers to most library institution in Malaysia. It has been implement in only a handful of institutions such as UiTM , UM ,UTM and few more private institution. This scenario happened not because Malaysia don’t have such capabilities to grab these technologies but lack of marketing strategies to in promoting the use of such systems. Three main factors, namely the information explosion, the technology revolution, and escalating library costs are responsible for encouraging the library profession in Malaysia to develop a marketing approach in its operations and services. Some information service managers feel that marketing is inimical to the nature of their activities. But with steep competition from other institution in the country, marketing is a factor for survival. There are some radical marketing strategies in order to market information systems library in Malaysia that can be apply. These strategies can be interpreted by the market the market targeted , extraordinary plans that could raise attention and also drastic measures from the national bodies and major institution and organizations. Market or target users for information systems library in Malaysia must be thoroughly defined first in order for the technologies to grow in our soil. In Malaysia, the target public and audience would be mostly students which consist of various layer of education level. Their needs and demands in library services such as navigation, guides in their research can be fulfill through the systems. By studying their likes would help in plans of promoting the system and also could meet the target audience easier Introduction of the system or better yet the education of the systems’ use and functions to the public is prior in marketing the information system. Malaysia has various kind of media channel such as the radio, television, satellite channels and vast amount of printed materials. Advertising the information systems in libraries by making a short clip with a twist of a little drama and education in the system’s role assisting users to their needs. The education should also be consistent and updated periodically to refresh audience’s knowledge and awareness from time to time. Integration of information system through networking can also be a good marketing strategies for institution in Malaysia since the distance is no more a factor and a mutual bond already existed between education institution in Malaysia. This could help a wide spread of information system network which applies the same system and processes wherever its located in the country. This could ultimately be far more efficient for the users ( mainly the students) in using the system anywhere they want since it would incorporated the same user interface , functions, database . Technologies has also developed a new kind of attraction for the users nowadays. It offers applications and software that allows users to interact with each other , socialize through wire, gain information and keep updated through high speed network. Information system in libraries and integrated system can absorb and assimilate this application in its chain of function which would be more interactive and give the users more experience of the cyber networking via an information system in a library. Also, some more value add to the systems could attract more library user such as networking andweb browsing which would help the customer expand their search wider. There are also marketing strategies that could be implemented throughout government assistance is standardizing all the library institution by ensuring that every library in the country must be equipped with the automated information and integrated system. Although it is a quite a risky and costly for some , but the services would surely improved and would extend the image of libraries in Malaysia as a benchmark for other institution in the country. The government could also help promoting and marketing this system by introducing it to the primary and secondary level education in form of a mini automated system that can easily be used by those ages of kids in their own school library which would familiarize and make them easier to adapt to the real system in the future. Another strategies in extending the information system is through the enhancement of library personnel ‘s professional knowledge and skills for marketing the information system and services that a library offer. Library personnel should enhance their professional skills with technical knowledge and diverse skillset. This would drastically changed the user perception thus promoting the system in a way of its own. Conclusion is that these automated library system and integration of automated library system in Malaysia will succeed if the campaign focus on some important aspect of the process such as increasing the clientele and reaching out to them. Unless the information is used , it is major waste to the resources. Other than that, always ensure that product innovation and flexibility always evolve throughout the period and the financial viability for the whole process maintained at a safe level. There should also some kind of awareness and cooperation in between major organization , government ,institution and the user itself . With all that , it would not be impossible for library institution in Malaysia can also change and compete with other international institution that has long exceed us in information technologies and libraries management.

Causes of the Collapse of the Weimar Republic

Causes of the Collapse of the Weimar Republic Collapse of the Weimar Republic To what extent can it be said that the Great Depression and the overburdening of the German welfare State were the main causes of the Collapse of the Weimar Republic? When considering the importance and extent to which the Great Depression and the overburdening of the German welfare state were the main causes of the collapse of the Weimar, it is necessary to assess other factors which also added to its failure. This essay intends to argue, the Great Depression and overburdening of the welfare state were prominent reasons in the latter stages of the Weimars collapse, they accelerated its failure in 1929 and by 1932 arguably the Weimar Republic was realistically unworkable. Despite this, the main cause of the collapse was the continuous poor economic state of Germany which hindered the success of democracy and finally resulted in the failure of the Weimar. The legacy of the First World War, the effects of the Treaty of Versailles and the 1923 hyperinflation crisis significantly worsened Germanys economic problems. The Great Depression and the overburdening of the welfare state derived from this constant financial strain that the government suffered under and eventually spiralled the situation out of control which proved unmanageable for the government. This created a cut back in support from those who were in favour of democracy and produced resentment amongst the radical Right and Left wing party members themselves. Finally, much attention will be given to the Weimars inability to deal with the crisis via unsuccessful decision making and the long term traditional attitudes of the elites within the government that were also highly important contributions to the collapse of the Weimar. Consequently with detrimental ongoing economic crisis and contributing political factors, the Weimar Republic was doomed from the outset[1], resulting in its collapse. Arguably the Great Depression and the overburdening of the welfare state played a vital role in the collapse of the Weimar but was not the main reason. The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic crisis that began in the United States with the Wall Street Crash on October 29th, 1929. International trade, incomes, and profits plummeted. The Depression had massive repercussions on Germany as they relied on loans from America to facilitate their prosperity, pay off their reparations and revive their economy. Arguably the Depression was prominent in the very last stages of the Weimars life as it was not until after 1929, the economic outlook changed from gloomy to distinctly stormy[2]. The use of the word gloomy indicates that previous to the Depression, Germany was already struggling economically and thus this statement adds weight to the notion that the Depression acted as a catalyst to the eventual breakdown of the government. Furthermore, the outburst of the Depression in 1 929 had a disastrous impact on the German economy [3] as almost one third of German production was exported by 1920. However after this time, exports had decreased. As imports had fallen by two thirds, this had linkage effect on German workers as many lost their jobs between 1929-1933. Official figures in January in 1928 stood at 1,862,000 unemployed and by 1930 when the Depression had taken real effect in Germany, this increased to 3,218,000.[4] These statistics indicate that even before the Depression Germanys unemployment rate was high, thus Germany was in a financial crisis before the Depression and the Weimars reputation was already on the verge of failure. Although the government attempted to resolve the problem of unemployment for example, chancellor Heinrich Brunning who introduced a series of policies to deal with this fiscal crisis. He cut down wages, salaries and prices in an effort to restore confidence in the German financial and industrial system.[5] His efforts were unsuccessful and ineffective as subsequent to this by 1931 there were nearly 4.5 million people out of work, thus illustrating the Weimars inability to deal with the crisis contributing to its own collapse. This initiated further opposition and bitterness towards the Republic. Clearly the depression contributed to the Weimars unpopularity and more so its collapse. Additionally both liberal parties, the DVP(Germans People Party) and DDP (German Democrat Party) witnessed a decrease in votes during the 1930 election as much of their support rested on the middle class; these white collar workers with status, who were monetary advantageous to the average class man felt humiliated, betrayed and angry towards the Weimar Government.[6] Consequently faced with insoluble economic problems many people turned to force and coercion[7], (the Nazi party) in hope of a radical solution to their troubles. This strengthens the argument that economics was central to the collapse of the Weimar, the Depression added the final touches. Furthermore with large firms dependent on USA loans and German banks that also had taken out loans to invest in businesses, when the depression struck it destroyed the relative stability of the financial system and hence placed an overwhelming burden on the welfare state. The welfare States purpose was to provide benefits for the unemployed, pensioners and disabled. In 1927 the welfare state introduced the unemployment insurance Act. By 1929 as a result of the depression it was unable to provide unemployment insurance for the amount of unemployed people. Arguably these two factors were linked as without the Great Depression the welfa re state would not have suffered an overwhelming burden. This is evident as the percentage of unemployed supported by the unemployment insurance declined from 80 per cent at the beginning of 1929 (before the Depression) to 30 per cent in January 1932 when six million people were unemployed. The welfare states failure to deliver this unemployment Insurance during this crucial period reflected the weakness of the Weimar system itself. Henig agrees with the concept that the welfare state played a key role in the collapse of the Weimar arguing, ironically this major achievement of the unemployment insurance threatened to engulf the government in a major financial crisis.[8] Additionally as people expected a great deal from the welfare state, when these expectations were not met they became sour and anti-democratic.[9] On the other hand Bookbinder challenges this argument that economic crisis was the main reason to the Weimars failure proclaiming, in times of crisis such as the 1923 hyperinflation, these difficulties endangered the order and resilience of the Weimar but did not make the Republics failure inevitable.[10] However one may say the fact that these economic problems persistently occurred, suggests that this was the Weimars governments downfall and resulted in its failure; the Great Depression and overburdening of the welfare state were just the last straw. Evidently economic instability was the main reason of the Weimars collapse as the inflation problem was announced before the First World War had ended.[11] More so, on top of the colossal debt incurred from financing the war of around 150 milliard marks, Germany was even more devastated when they received their reparations bill of 6.600 million pounds.[12] With the country already in social and political ruin, the economic reparations ultimately destroyed the foundations of the Weimar. This proved too much for the Government to handle and by 1922 they declared themselves unable to make payments.[13] Additionally due to heavy taxation which, was also an effect of inflation meant students, pensioners and people with savings lost all their money; thus the governments status deteriorated amongst these groups.[14] Even more, German agriculture was fiancially tarnished as farmers suffered from the fatiguing effort to supply Germany during the war and by 1920 they were experiencing low crop yields and diminished number of livestock.[15] Heavy industrial owners were also financially effected as they witnessed a decline in their profits and what is more they were a vital part of the anti- republican bloc and made life difficult for the republic.[16] Peukart also holds economics responsible for the main cause of collapse arguing, these problems hindered the new Republic from guaranteeing their survival.[17] Post-war inflation further affected German political parties, for example the liberal parties who struggled to afford paper and stamps by 1920 and suffered extreme financial difficulties.[18] The First World War deteriorated the economic situation in Germany even more, as Weitz argues, the legacy of World War One was the republics greatest obstacle. It hobbled developments at every turn and gave the enemies of democracy endless rounds of ammunition.[19]Bookbinder strengthens this opinion stating, before the war Germany was a strong nation producing 13.1 million tons of pig iron and 13 million tons of steel. Arguably it was there involvement in the war which initiated their national debt and an inflated currency.[20] Germanys decision to finance the war through borrowing money instead of increasing taxations accelerated their economic downturn even more , this programme of war financing precipitated the monitory inflation which was to continue through to 1923.[21] Subsequently wages increased but for some people this did not match the increase in the cost of their living.[22] White collar workers, who in pre war years had great prestige, were now experiencing economic har dship due to the war and inflation.[23] The Treaty of Versailles was also a result of the First World War and had disastrous impact on the German economy contributing to the Weimars failure. The government accepted responsibility of the war and signed the War Guilt Clause (article 231), this encouraged social unrest in Germany and resentment especially amongst the Right wing nationalists. Mckenzie claims that Versailles presented the Nationalists with a persuasive pretext for mounting the blame of Germanys troubles on the Republic, they felt betrayed and stabbed in the back[24]. During this time, the fact that the Weimar was a newly established democracy meant it was vulnerable and under threat. It is important to remember that for a newly established democracy to survive, it must have the support of the people in especially in turbulent the most times. However the Weimar government lacked this assistance as Mommsen notes, German people did not really support democracy from the beginning, instead they viewed it as the onl y possible outcome for the new state. [25] On the other hand it could be argued that German people were in favour of democracy but lacked the principle foundations of it, as many envisioned a progressive reform of their previous monarch system. Never the less it is clear that the Weimar was never whole heartedly supported even before it came into practice. Additionally Right wing groups also attacked democracy mainly because of the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, because their members were incredibly powerful being were highly integrated into the major institutions of state, society, business, civil service, army, universities and churches.[26] This highlights a flaw in the Weimar government, because the coalition parties were not united with a common goal this was proved difficult to implement policies and deal with opponents. Attacks from the Left wing radicals also endangered democracy. In January 1919 an attempt was made from the Left wing group, the Spartacuss who attempted to overthrow the government, however this was crushed by the army and the Freikorps. Although the Weimar did survive these attacks, arguably these uprisings only failed not because these opposition groups lacked clear aims and an alternative system. Even more the economic burden created by the Treaty, made continued reforms and tax policies difficult.[27] Thus Germany was now economically weaker then previously in 1914 as they had increased national debts, inflated currency and reparation stood at the value of 132 billion marks.[28] On the other hand Hobsbawm disagrees with the view that the radical Right wing oppositions came about due to the resentment of the Treaty of Versailles and states, The rise of radical Right after the First World War, was undoubtedly a response to the danger.of social revolution and working class power in general, to the October revolution and Leninism in particular. Without these, there would have been no fascism[29]. Despite this, it is evident that the Right wing movements were an outcome of the First World War. Hyperinflation in 1923 another crucial disaster brought the inflationary situation to its final crisis phase[30]. The economic effects of the occupation were catastrophic. Kolb also agrees with this opinion describing it as a miracle[31] the Weimar survived. However, chancellor Stresemann rescued Germany and introduced new currency and borrowed loans from America to facilitate Germanys finances, following on from this it could be argued that the German economy did experienc e a period of prosperity. However the solution was temporary and one that depended on international loans.[32] Again reflecting a grave decision made by the government as having provided a permanent solution, this would have prevented the severity Great Depressions impact on Germany. Stresemann himself described this period of affluence as dancing on a volcano[33] , this exemplifies that too was aware that depending on American loans was risky. Still in 1929 when the Depression hit, Germany was once again faced with economic problems. Economic historian Borchhardt believes that even without the occurrence of the Depression Germanys economy was abnormal and would not have been able to continue in the same way.[34]This reinforcing the view that economics was the main cause of the collapse of the Weimar. Clearly, the Weimar governments failure to take firm action played a vital role to the collapse of the Weimar. This is particularly evident with invasion of the Ruhr, as previous to this the SPD (Social Democrat Party) had the backing of the working class who were protected from the inflation via trade unions and also the support of large landowners who were able to pay of their debts which if made the efficient decisions could have excelled on this support. However in 1923 their misguided efforts to print money steered them in to hyperinflation. Hinton and Hite strengthen this argument claiming, although some of the problems were beyond Germanys power to control, the collapse came about due to the Weimars weak policies and lack of decisive action.[35] Consequently endless economic disasters became too unmanageable for the government to keep combating, as with any government this repeated economic crises would too inevitably lead to their failure. Another equally significant factor w hich contributed to the collapse of the Weimar Republic, was the traditional attitudes of the ruling elites and a lack of bureaucratic culture. Furthermore because democracy was introduced the most inauspicious circumstances[36] , the old elites such as the DVP and the DNVP ( German National Peoples Party) were monarchs at heart and never fully fledged their support to the Republic or the notion of democracy [37] , consequently they wanted a reversion back to the old system. However the KPD (communist party) and the NSDAP (The Nazi Party) was determined to unify the people of Germany. Germany had always been an imperialist country and headed by constitutional monarch, this meant the long term values of democracy were deficient in order for the Weimar to be successful. Subsequently by 1930 there was a powerful current of opinion in Germany demanding a more authoritarian government.[38] The elites could not regard the new republic as a rightful descendant to the pre-war imperial regim e,[39] thus if the ruling class were not in favour democracy how was the rest of the country going to support it? The Weimar was unable to accomplish unconditional support of these traditional elites such as the Junkers and army officers.[40] Kocka reinforces this notion and believes the failure of the Weimar was due to the bourgeoisie who seemed relatively weak and unbourgeois .[41] Consequently with the combination of old and new political forces present in the government, this halted the triumph of democracy. In conclusion it is clear that economics was the foremost reason to why the Weimar collapsed as even before the Great Depression which was followed by the overburdening of the welfare state, Germany was constantly faced with financial constraints that was caused by the damage of the First World War, this meant straight away the Weimar was forced to introduce a new democratic way of life in the most unpromising conditions. Even more, the reparations of the Treaty of Versailles and the exacerbated the governments financial pressures, thus resulting in a decline of support of the Weimar and the rise of radical Right and Left wing parties which threatened democracy. Lastly the major hyper inflation crisis in 1923 meant money completely lost its value, subsequently as demand rapidly decreased many people lost their jobs. However the introduction of a new currency and loans form the America temporarily revitalised their economy. Yet when the depression hit, America could no longer assist t hem and as Germany had no money of its own to aid its finances, this resulted in the unemployment of six million people. This placed a overwhelming burden on the welfare state and led to severe poverty as by 1932 people who had worn out their entitlement to state benefit and were thrown on the streets to beg for food.[42] The Depression tore apart the fragile political compromise that the Weimar had made via the welfare state and placed an enormous burden on to it. No doubt, the actions of the government themselves contributed to their own downfall as incremental thoughtlessness decisions decreased their popularity and status amongst Germany. Alongside this attribute lies the ruling elites for example the DNVP as their failure to support the vulnerable democratic meant the regime itself lacked confidence. Together these were a vital contribution to the collapse of the Weimar Republic. It is evident t .hat economic hurdles occurred throughout the Weimars life and led to abnormalities within the system and eventually its collapse. This concludes me to suggest that the Weimar Republic itself was the special path that Germany followed (the Sonderweg), as this failed experiment of democracy ultimately caused Germany to propel towards the Nazi regime. BIBLIOGRAPGHY: Hobsbawm .E, The Age of Extremes 1919-1941 (London 1995) Baldeston .T, The Origins and Course of the German Economic Crisis, (Berlin, 1993) Jones .L, German Liberalism and the Dissolution of the Weimar party system, 1918-1933, (Chapel Hill, 1988), Kocka .J, Asymmetrical Historical Comparison: The case of the German Sonderweg, History and theory, 38, (1999), p.40-50 Henig. R, The Weimar Republic 1919-1933 (London, 1998) Mckenzie P. R. J,Weimar Germany 1918-1933 (London 1971) Bookbinder . P, Weimar Germany, The Republic of the Reasonable, (Manchester, 1996) Weitz E.D, Weimar Germany Promise and Tradgedy, (New Jersey 2007) Hidden .J, The Weimar Republic 2nd Edition (London 1969) Hinton .C and Hite . J , Weimar and Nazi Germany, (London, 2001), Kolb .E The Weimar Republic, Second Edition (New York, 2005) Childs .D, Germany Since 1918, (London 1971) Stachura .D P (ed.), Unemployment and the Great depression in Germany, (London, 1986) Mazower. M, Dark Continent, (London, 1999) Evan. J. R, and Geary D (eds), The German Unemployed, (London, 1987) To what extent can it be said that the Great Depression and the overburdening of the German welfare State were the main causes of the Collapse of the Weimar Republic? [1] Henig, The Weimar Republic, p.78 [2]Henig, The Weimar Republic, p.61 [3] P. Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, The Republic of the Reasonable, (Manchester, 1996), p.178 [4] Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, p. 174 [5] Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, p. 146 [6] Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, p. 167 [7] E. Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes,(London, 1995), p.136 [8] Henig, The Weimar Republic, p.60 [9] J. Kocka, Asymmetrical Historical Comparison: The case of the German Sonderweg, History and theory, 38, (1999), p 46 [10] Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, p. 161 [11] J. Hidden, The Weimar Republic 2nd Edition (London 1969)p.30 [12] Hidden, The Weimar, p.30 [13] Hidden, The Weimar, p.31 [14] Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, p.166 [15] Hidden, The Weimar, p. 34 [16] Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, p. 171 [17] Henig, The Weimar Republic, p.83 [18] L. Jones, German Liberalism and the Dissolution of the Weimar party system, 1918-1933, (Chapel Hill, 1988), p. 165. [19] E. D. Weitz, Weimar Germany Promise and Tradgedy, (New Jersey 2007)p.127 [20] Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, p.163 [21] Bookbinder:164 [22] Bookbinder: 164 [23]Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, p. 166 [24] J. R. P. Mckenzie,Weimar Germany 1918-1933 (London 1971)p.71 [25] Henig, The Weimar Republic, p.78 [26] Weitz, Weimar Germany Promise and Tradgedy, p92 [27] Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, p.164 [28] Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, p.164 [29] E. Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes 1919-1941 (London 1995)p.124 [30] Bookbinder, Weimar Germany, p.167 [31] E. Kolb, The Weimar Republic, Second Edition, (New York, 2005), p.35 [32] Hidden, The Weimar, p.32 [33] C. Hinton and J. Hite, Weimar and Nazi Germany, (London, 2001), p.74 [34]C. Hinton and J. Hite, Weimar and Nazi Germany, p.75. [35] Hinton and John , Weimar and Nazi Germany, p.103. [36] Henig, The Weimar Republic, p.78 [37] Weitz, Weimar Germany Promise and Tradgedy, p.92 [38] Henig, The Weimar Republic, p.62 [39] Henig, The Weimar Republic, p.79 [40] Henig, The Weimar Republic, p.84 [41] Kocka, Assymetrical Histroical Comparison, p. 42 [42] Henig, The Weimar Republic, p.67

Literature :: essays research papers

In â€Å"Oxford Concise Dictionary Literary Terms† by Chris Baldick, characterization is defined as the representation of persons in narrative and dramatic works which include direct and indirect methods in inviting the readers to infer qualities from characters’ actions, speech, or appearance. However, modals in literature context serve as an eye opener to the personality and traits of the characters in short stories. It enables the readers to learn of the characters’ abilities, capabilities, prohibitions, obligations and so forth. The appearance of modals in literary texts serves its own specific purposes in accordance to the author’s wish. In David Leavitt’s â€Å"Territory† which describes the relationship between a mother (Mrs. Campbell) and her son (Neil) who is a homosexual, gives me an interest to explore and find out more about the characters. Through the use of modals found in the extract, it enables me to go in depth and examine t he characterization in the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Firstly, in paragraph 2, line 1 of the extract, the modal â€Å"must† is used by David Leavitt to show one of Neil’s traits indirectly – â€Å"The last item puzzles him: Pedro. Pedro must be the gardener.† Here, as Neil read through his mother’s daily list found on the kitchen table, he came across the name â€Å"Pedro† which he was unfamiliar with. Eventually, he expressed an assumption which he believed was true. However, instead of using â€Å"could† to indicate possibility, the writer chose to use the modal â€Å"must† to reveal Neil’s inner self which was lacking in confidence and even probably having a strong need of self assurance despite the fact that the modal is meant to express certainty. Thus, the readers are able to know more of Neil’s character as the modal is used to create a reverse effect on the readers as an irony. Secondly, in this extract, Neil the protagonist is presented by the writer as a son who was torn between his own desire to follow his heart or to live up to the society and his mother’s expectations of him. He tried to vision himself as the son that his mother expects of him through the use of modal â€Å"could† – â€Å"He could make a list of his own selves: the child, the adolescent, the promiscuous faggot son, and finally the good son, settled, relatively successful.† (Paragraph 2, line 3)By using the modal â€Å"could†, it gives the readers a feeling that he is capable of doing what he was expected to and it only depends on whether he is willing or not.

Hamlet Essay -- essays papers

Hamlet Hamlet Critique Hamlet, a play by William Shakespeare, was written in approximately the middle to late 1590's, while Shakespeare's work was flourishing, and his company was putting up the Globe Theater. Shakespeare was a profound writer, and Hamlet is considered to be his most prolific writing, and is a favorite among the readers. It is a tragic tale of conspiracy, death, disease, and a young man's struggle to avenge his father's murder. I would like to set apart Hamlet from the array of characters in this play, as to analyze him from a formalist point of view. To start off, Hamlet was, of course, the main character. As a promising king, his life is suddenly torn apart by his father's death, and his mother, Gertrude's hasty marriage to the late king's brother, Claudius. Hamlet is soon there after, visited by the ghost of his late father, who tells him the gruesome tale of his true death-poisoned by Claudius, his own dear brother. The ghost tells Hamlet he must remember, and thus avenge his death rightfully. Though the tale was horrifying, Hamlet agrees, and begins ... Hamlet Essay -- essays papers Hamlet Hamlet Critique Hamlet, a play by William Shakespeare, was written in approximately the middle to late 1590's, while Shakespeare's work was flourishing, and his company was putting up the Globe Theater. Shakespeare was a profound writer, and Hamlet is considered to be his most prolific writing, and is a favorite among the readers. It is a tragic tale of conspiracy, death, disease, and a young man's struggle to avenge his father's murder. I would like to set apart Hamlet from the array of characters in this play, as to analyze him from a formalist point of view. To start off, Hamlet was, of course, the main character. As a promising king, his life is suddenly torn apart by his father's death, and his mother, Gertrude's hasty marriage to the late king's brother, Claudius. Hamlet is soon there after, visited by the ghost of his late father, who tells him the gruesome tale of his true death-poisoned by Claudius, his own dear brother. The ghost tells Hamlet he must remember, and thus avenge his death rightfully. Though the tale was horrifying, Hamlet agrees, and begins ...

TRICARE: The Restructuring of Military Healthcare System in Response to

In the U.S and other nations of the world, the health expenditure and number of physicians increase as the economy expands. However, physician shortage is of a great concern globally, which the U.S and the Military Healthcare System (MHS) are no exceptions. According to Garber (2004) â€Å"a shortage exit when there is unsatisfied demand, which occurs when the quantity of a good or service is less than what people will be willing to buy at the current price†. For example a long wait time to get an elective surgery done, or a long wait for a patient to get an appointment to see the doctor are evidence of physician shortage. Another definition of shortage is â€Å"having a projected supply of physicians that meet less than 80% of the forecasted demand or need, calculated at the estimated means (Scheffler, Liu, Kinfu, & Dal Poz, 2007). The World Health Organization report (2006) estimated that, 57 countries had absolute shortage of 2.3 million physicians. This shortage acco rding to prior studies implied the lack of a sufficient number of health care professionals to deliver skilled health interventions such as child-birth. Schaffer et al. (2007) projected the global supply of the physician workforce to balance the demand using the demand base model and sufficient surplus in the year 2015. Despite this projection of surplus and balance of the physician workforce globally, the problem of shortage will still remain with some countries and nations as a result of distributional problems that continue to persist, and Africa for instance will need about 65% increases in supply of physicians by the year 2015 (Scheffler et al., 2007). According to Cooper (2004 & 2005) the shortage of physicians in the U.S was related to the economic capacit... ....S and overseas to supplement the care provided to the growing beneficiary population in the MTFs. The MTF is the primary health care facility for TRICARE. TRICARE PCP shortage is due to deployment to war zones, humanitarian missions and special combat skill training. Throughout the research, attempts will be made to respond to the primary question and then the other sub questions in relation to; TRICARE background history, epidemiology, physician types, administration, policies and law, finance, personnel, marketing, ethical issues, beneficiary complaints and satisfaction. Other areas include the role restructuring plays in resolving the beneficiary complaints and the impact the restructuring of TRICARE will have on health care delivery to beneficiaries. The summary, recommendations and conclusion will be addressed finally to complete this research paper.

Bio Sketch Eminem

Phase 5 Individual Final Project Case Study of Marshall Bruce Mathers III (aka Eminem) Colorado Technical University Online Abstract Marshall Bruce Mathers III also known as Enimem is not only a rapper, record producer, actor, and Grammy award winner but also one of the most controversial and bestselling artists of the 21st century. (Eminem 2012) In this paper I have included a bio-sketch of his life from birth to his current day success. I have also provided a psychological explanation, in my opinion, of his behaviors using the behaviorist perspective as well as a comparison of those behaviors utilizing the humanistic theory.Additionally I have included a detailed outlook on Eminem’s upbringing using Erik Erikson’s human development theory, Lawrence Kohlberg’s foundational theory, Abraham Maslow’s theory of motivation-hierarchy of needs, and David McClelland’s three needs theory. To conclude this paper I will discuss how understanding human behavio r through the use of psychological behaviors is very useful. Biosketch of Marshall Mathers â€Å"Eminem† Marshall Bruce Mathers III later known as Eminem was born October 17, 1972 in St. Joseph Missouri. His mother, Deborah Mathers was only 15 at the time he was born.Deborah raised Marshall alone due to his father Marshal Mathers Jr. abandoning the family when Eminem was eighteen months old. (Eminem) Deborah rarely maintained employment for longer than a few months at a time. Deborah’s lack of stable employment caused the family to move multiple times between Missouri and Michigan. Due to the constant relocation and instability in his life Marshall spent much of his childhood living in subsidized housing projects In his biography Marshal states â€Å"I would change schools two or three times a year.That was probably the roughest part of it all,† (Eminem) The lifestyle he was forced to live left him feeling like an outcast, having no friends, keeping to himself, and constantly being beaten up at school. The abuse by his school mates along with his own mother abusing him left a large negative impact on his life. At age seventeen Eminem attended Lincoln High School in Warren Michigan. (Eminem) Even with his wide vocabulary range and habit of reading the dictionary for fun he struggled with the educational atmosphere and dropped out of school.Eminem stated, â€Å"I don’t feel that I am stupid but school just wasn’t for me. † ( Reece2012) His passion for rap started at the young age of four, beginning with rhyming words and battling his schoolmates in the lunch room. However he did not become serious about rapping until he was fourteen and later when making a name for him-self at the age of seventeen. (Reece 2012)Eminem explains that his biggest challenge was the constant rejection from the other rappers because of the color of his skin. This rejection caused even more anger to build up and eventually flow through his music later on in his career.Despite his reoccurring failure at rap battles and poor radio show appearances Eminem released his first album titled Infinite in 1999. (Reece 2012) The album sold less than 1,000 copies and did not make a profit. However, this was still the first hugely important step needed for the millions of dollars he would make during his career. After selling his first record the next life changing event occurred. On December 25, 1995 Eminem and his longtime girlfriend Kim Scott welcomed their daughter into the world naming her Hailey Jade Scott. Reece 2012) Despite Eminem’s new daughter being born he kept pushing his rapping career. During this time in his life he made many attempts to make a name for himself, but he continuously failed and eventually had nothing. The trials and tribulations he went through revealed themselves t loudly in the form of outrage during a rap battle in 1997. Eminem lasted an hour in this battle, throwing down every race card he was given earning him second place losing only because of one minor slip up.Furious at the feeling of failure once again he failed to notice that in the audience there were producers from Interscope Records. Producer Dr. Dre from Intersope eventually caught up with Eminem and signed him on the spot. (Eminem) In 1999 Eminem released The Slim Shady LP album making him an instant success and selling over three million copies. His music was comprised of childish humor, energy, profanity, and violence. Eminem’s lyrics often referenced his personal views on life and his with other people including his mother and wife Kim Mathers, which he later divorced.Even though many people view his music as profane, violent, drug promoting, and homophobic Eminem went on to release his next album titled The Mashall Mather’s LP released May 2000. This album went on to sale over 19 million copies and earned him a Grammy Award for Best Rap Album in 2001. Along with a Grammy this album is conside red to be among the greatest rap albums of all time. (Eminem) In 2007 after years of success Eminem nearly died from a drug overdose. Family problems, drugs, alcohol, and the loss of his daughter in a custody battle kept him from recording music until 2009.In late 2009 he announced that he had gone to rehab and produced the album Relapse. In 2010 Eminem released an album called Recovery. Both of these albums were auto-biographical albums relating to his addiction experiences bringing him back to mainstream rap. (Eminem) Eminem recently stated, â€Å"I started learning how to not be angry about things, learning to count my fucking blessings instead. By doing that, I’ve become a happier person. † (Eminem) I have chosen to focus on and investigate why Eminem focused on negative concepts throughout his music career.I think that he is an excellent example to why behavioristic perspective makes since. As I mentioned in the biographic sketch Eminem was constantly bounced arou nd, never having stability because he was raised by an abusive mother. He was placed into many situations where he was beaten, cussed at, and ridiculed for reasons beyond his control. Eminem was also forced to grow up in mostly poverty ridden housing projects that ran rampant with drugs, guns, and violence. I believe that because he grew up pretty much with the previously mentioned issues the behavior and norm for him was learned and often times came through in his music.In a lot of his songs he discusses that he is angry with his mother often times referring to her in a vulgar manner. In his song Puke he refers to his ex-wife and not wanting to be around her because she is disgusting and ridicules her. In the song I’m Sorry Mama he references to his childhood and being a failure and later talks as though he is happy his mother is dead. The second behavior I feel is learned is his addiction problem. Through song lyrics Eminem accuses his mother of being addicted to prescripti on drugs.He was raised in poverty ridden areas where drugs were very prevalent. He grew up seeing drugs as a way to cope and deal with life, and this environment made a lasting impression on him. In 2006 his career tapered down and he went through a divorce. At this point he reverted back to the behavior that he learned growing up; using drugs and alcohol are acceptable ways to cope. His music after his overdose reflects his new learned behavior and ideas from rehab. The next part of my case study focuses on Eminem’s motivations and development throughout his life.This is analyzed using Erik Erikson’s human development theory, Lawrence Kohlberg’s foundational theory, Abraham Maslow’s theory of motivation-hierarchy of needs, and David McClelland’s three needs theory. According to Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development stage one is: Trust Versus Mistrust. This stage lasts from birth until eighteen months of age and is the crucial ti me frame that a child develops an attachment to a caregiver. (Editorial 95-97)I believe that Eminem did not have his needs met in this stage. His father was in and out of his life for most of this time period.Because of his absence Eminem did not develop a connection or attachment with his father. Although Eminem was living with and being raised by his mother there was a lack of trust/ attachment with her as well. At the time of Eminem’s birth Deborah was fifteen years old and using drugs. (Eminem) I believe that Deborah was stuck in Erikson’s fifth stage which is Identity versus Role Confusion. Being stuck in this stage made it difficult for her to give Eminem the tools necessary to have trust and an attachment to her. As Eminem got a little older he fell into Erikson’s third stage of Initiative versus which is Guilt.During this stage children begin to develop mental and physical activities that develop self-confidence. (Editorial 95-97) Eminem struggled with t his stage. He moved from school to school and he was picked on and abused. At this time he was also living in an abusive home. The abuse from school and home injured Eminem’s confidence and often made him feel alone and like an outcast. (Eminem) According to Eminem the only way he had of showing he had some confidence was by challenging rap battles starting at the age of four in the lunch room at school. Reece 2012) Although the battles in the lunch room may not have been the most appropriate way to obtain confidence it was how Eminem managed to make his way through this stage. Stage four is Competence versus Inferiority, also known as Industry versus Inferiority. This stage is when children develop social and intellectual skills, and become confident in their talents and competencies. (Editorial 95-97) Eminem excelled in this stage. It was during this stage that Eminem failed out of school and began focusing on his rapping career. Eminem endured the feeling of excessive fail ure and was often criticized for being white.His relationship with his mother during this stage was poor because of her constant ridicule of him for dropping out of school and pursuing a career in rap music. (Reece 2012) Even with the lack of support he pushed through and eventually he was recognized in 1977 by producer Dr. Dre. This recognition was a large part of why Eminem was able to complete this stage. Eminem had finally made a name for him-self and began to recognize and embrace who he actually was. This occurred in stage five of Erikson’s theory which is Identity versus Role Confusion.Eminem utilized this time to recognize what he had gone through in his life growing up. During this stage he raps about his life in many of his songs and is able to understand and explain why he is the way he is. It was also during this time that the role in life he played as â€Å"Marshall Mathers† was now non-existent. Eminem was now identified as a leading musician; and he was comfortable with this life and persona he had created for himself. According to Lawrence Kohlberg his theory of Moral development can be broken down into three levels and seven stages.Kohlberg believed that people functioning at lower levels of his theory are motivated by self-interest. (Editorial100-101) While Eminem is a smart individual the behaviors that he displayed for much of his life would have placed him in the first level of Kohlberg’s theory. Kohlberg believes that level one stage one is that children base decisions on seeking pleasure and avoiding pain or getting caught. Stage two is the cost benefit stage in which one acts out morally to get an award. (Editorial 100-101) Eminem is known as one of the most controversial artists in the 21st century.He seeks out pleasures by pushing limits in his songs that are against most people’s moral beliefs. He often acts in a manner that may not be acceptable, but often times got him rewarded. Eminem does not meet the criteria for level two or three of Kohlberg’s theory. Eminem doesn’t behave morally. He embraces and works off criticism rather than trying to avoid it. Eminem is far from meeting the stage three requirements of Kohlberg’s theory. He is still promoting violence, drugs, and alcohol; and his morals are not even close to what modern day society accepts as appropriate.Finishing up with Eminem’s adulthood it is best described by Erikson’s sixth stage which is Intimacy versus Isolation. By age thirty-five Eminem had been married and divorced twice to the same woman. Eminem lives the typical party life of sex with multiple women, drugs, alcohol, and, not much concern for other individuals or relationships. Even though Eminem has not led the perfect life he has remained proud of his daughter and career. Eminem was still releasing music as recent as 2010 and currently working in studios for a new album that he will be releasing later at no specific date.He continues to be just as widely known by today’s youth as he was when he originally debuted. Eminem clearly had some type of motivation which leads me to Abraham Maslow’s theory of motivation. I believe that Eminem strived to reach the Esteem Needs of Maslow’s pyramid. The Esteem Needs level he is in causes him to feel that he belongs and has a degree of importance. Recognition, attention, social status, and accomplishment are all motivators to reach this point. (Maslow) Eminem lacked a lot of these characteristics as a child and now he has fame from billions of fans.He is recognized by all races as being a brilliant rap artist and has accomplished his dream of being a musician. I believe that he made gaining recognition and fame so important that he skipped the safety needs stage. He used what little money he had on recording songs and going to rap battles instead of using it on food and a safe place to live. According to David McCelland’s theory of three needs Eminem’s motivations become clearer. Eminem had a huge need and want to succeed in rapping. Rapping was something he wanted bad enough that he pushed through a lot of hardships to obtain.The second part of McClelland’s theory is affiliation. Affiliation according to McCelland is the need for human interaction and positive relationships with others. (Editorial 184) This was not a motivation for Eminem; Eminem’s relationships were damaged as his career grew. For example, putting his mom’s past behaviors out for the public to hear or talking poorly about his daughter’s mom in the lyrics he raps. The third motivation which was power was definitely one of Eminem’s biggest motivations. Eminem uses his music to impact others with his bizarre lyrics and tales of a terrible life.He also had established the power to make people understand that just because he was white he still lived in poverty and became a rap star, and most importantly he got his life story told. Reflecting back on the behavioristic perspective I still find it to be true that most of his behaviors were learned. Eminem’s mother was undereducated and addicted to drugs. Because she was undereducated she like Eminem did not progress through the important stages of Erikson’s theory. How can it be expected for Eminem to go through all the stages when he was raised in a fashion of where the proper guidance was non-existent?Secondly in Maslow’s theory of Hierarchy needs a person should have their physiological needs met first, then safety, and then social needs. (Maslow) Eminem’s mother fell short in this area as well. Her concern to keep him safe and have a since of security were less than her need to socialize and be accepted by others. This seems to be the path that Eminem followed her example with. In phase one I focused on the behavioral perspective and analyzed Eminem’s need to have negative concepts throughout his music , and his addiction to drugs and alcohol.In this section of my case study I will analyze these same two behaviors. However in this section of my paper I will be using the humanistic theory. The humanistic theory explains the human behavior as based on the basic goodness of the person, rather than more biologically or socially mechanistic models. The humanistic theory explains that behaviors are a combination of here and now responsibility, worth and self-improvement. (Editorial 202) First I want to address Eminem’s constant use of negative lyrics that often refer to his past.As part of the humanistic approach Abraham Maslow created the hierarchy of needs theory. Maslow explains that the lowest level of needs is the physiological needs category. Eminem struggled with having his basic needs met as a child mainly because of the poor living conditions and because his mother did not provide for him. Eminem struggled with the next two levels of Maslow’s hierarchy safety need s and sense of belonging as well because the lack of safety and protection and sense of being loved during his childhood. Eminem managed to make it through his life and eventually made it to the fourth level of needs.The fourth level is his self-esteem; although he was now famous his self-esteem was is still pretty low. He valued the need to have self-worth and often got self-worth by building himself up and by using other’s flaws such as his mother’s to make himself look and feel better. He also did this to make it more obvious to others that he was forced to overcome obstacles in his life. This theory when applied to Eminem’s life is much different than the behavioristic theory outcome which showed his behaviors were learned from being in the environment he was raised in.However, the humanistic approach shows that he chose these behaviors because of the events that occurred in his life. His anger was not learned but was an outcome of the things he has gone thr ough throughout his life. The second behavior to look at is his drug and alcohol addiction. The humanistic theory explains the drug and alcohol addiction as a way for Eminem to increase his self-esteem. He could have also used his addictions to replace the lack of love and sense of belonging he felt throughout his life. He essentially used his addiction as a way to cope with the basic essential needs that were never met in his life.The humanistic approach explains his addiction as a filler in the needs hierarchy, something to give him what he lacks. He didn’t have love or the feeling of being needed; the alcohol took away that feeling and replaced it with another happy or high feeling. This is also very different from the behavioral aspect that showed he gained this behavior from learning it from is mom and or environment he grew up in. Either way you look at it from the behavioral approach or the humanistic approach you will get the same result. Eminem’s behaviors occ ur directly from events in his past.This is very helpful when explaining why he is the way he is, because it gives concrete reasons and not excuses for his behaviors. Psychological theories don’t leave much room for assumption which cuts out misunderstandings. Without the theories one may simply think that Eminem is controversial for the simple sake of wanting attention. I have learned a lot by breaking down Eminems’s life story and analyzing it. I learned that some of the behaviors we learn as children are instilled in us whether we realize it or not. I used to think that the saying,† It’s all I know† was an excuse.Looking further into the behaviors and matching them with different stages of Eminem’s life has given me a better understanding. This is definitely something that I can use while working with troubled youth at my current job. I also have learned that even if your life doesn’t follow the correct stages or theories motivations can make the world of difference. Eminem did not live the perfect life and did a lot of things out of order but he was motivated enough to succeed in what he wanted. All the theories are very helpful but still leave room for alterations.I guess it is life’s learning manual as best as you can get Now to reflect back on all of Eminem’s behaviors and the different theories I have used to break down his life and personality I will discuss whether his behaviors are normal or abnormal. Normal behaviors are defined as the behaviors, attitudes, and approaches to life expected for a given society. Abnormal behaviors are defined as the thoughts and behaviors that stand outside of what is expected for a given society. (Editorial 2011) Eminem clearly displays abnormal behaviors. Eminem shows behaviors that we as an American society tend to frown upon.He is very vulgar and publicly projects his thoughts of encouraging violence and alcohol through the use of his music. Eminem also tends to represent the â€Å"thug life† mentality dancing around sagging his pants, swearing, and promoting the use of drugs and violence during his concerts. Proper normal American behavior is very much against how Eminem behaves. Normal behaviors for American culture are hardworking, respectful, polite, and dignified conversation. Society often associates behaviors like Eminem’s as a representation of an under educated criminal.I believe that Eminem’s behaviors can be attributed to his past. According to the Psychoanalytic Perspective a person’s psychological disorders stem from unresolved childhood issues pertaining to sex drive and aggression; deals with subconscious impulses and influences on conscious thought and behavior. (Editoral 2011) Eminem has multiple childhood issues that deal with aggression, his impulses, influences and sex drive. He was abused and built the aggression towards others. He was very impulsive which I feel he learned from his mother constantly moving them around at the spur of the moment.He also growing up had a huge lack of love from his mother and very little female attention which can contribute to his need for affection as an adult creating a very unhealthy sex drive. My feelings on the use of case studies are still split. One of the big advantages of case studies is that you can determine a person’s personality, behaviors and social acceptance based off of theories that have already been made all you have to do is analyze and place them where you see fit. A disadvantage of the case study method would be that it is based off of one’s own thoughts and perspective hich leaves a lot of room questions and speculation. As I have been working week to week and reviewing the different theories I have learned a lot. I learned that that has been an influence from somewhere whether it be from a person’s environment or by simply having being born to a particular family (genetics) that a pers on’s behaviors can usually be directly linked. I have truly learned that the best way to understand someone is to put your-self into their shoes. Look at where they were brought up, family characteristics and traits they inherited. Psychology plays a massive part especially in my workplace.I work in an environment that is meant to help troubled youth become productive members of society. We focus on helping them obtain normal behaviors to make it in society. Now that I have a better understanding of why these youth make the choices that they do I have the necessary tools to help them in a more direct manner instead of guessing. For example, if I know that a kid has been moved from foster home to foster home because their mother or father was on drugs I can place them into one of the theories such as Maslow’s hierarchy and break down the behaviors and life events that they need to work through.I have also learned that there is probably a reason for the kids to act out s imply out of the thrill of being bad. I will continue to study psychology so that I may further my career with a better understanding. I also just simply find it to be very interesting to understand how a person’s brain works and affects their everyday life. Also by studying psychology I have a better understanding of myself. I see what my personality profile is and am more aware of how other people may perceive me.It also has opened my mind to be able to understand others in a more efficient way. I will apply the knowledge I have learned in this course and have already begun to do so in my career. I have a better understanding of the clientele I work with and will continue to expand on what I have learned. The final part of my paper focuses on the statement â€Å"You can’t understand others unless you understand yourself. † I still struggle with completely understanding myself and why I may or may not be the way I am. Although I an place myself into different t heories and it makes since there are still some open questions I have. I used the MBTI test and it made it a little clearer as to why I tend to gravitate to some other personality types. Since I know why I get along better with some people it also opened my eyes to understand why others may get along with each other for example bully kids and scape goat kids tend to stick to others that are like them. I see it in my particular workplace that quite often as a team builder amongst staff where we are required to learn each other’s personality.As adults in a working environment it helps us focus on learning each other better and lowers the amount of personal issues that we as a company have. I also feel that understanding other’s behaviors and personalities is helpful because you better understand who may be more suitable for a particular duty that needs done. I think that this course would be a valuable learning tool to everyone that works in the environment I work in. As a life skills trainer to troubled youth we are supposed to help them understand why they do what they do.How are we supposed to really be able to completely and fully help them if we can’t clearly explain it to them or ourselves why the behaviors they have are fixable or why they have them in the first place. As an addition to what training responsibilities I already have with staff at work I will be implementing that they learn some of these theories we explored. I also have already begun to use the personality type test to bring staff together as a starting learning experience for them to understand who they work with and the benefits of utilizing each other’s strong personality attributes.References Eminem. (2012) Biography. com. Retrieved 03:12, August 23, 2012 from http://www. biography. com/people/eminem-9542093 Eminem. Reece, Rod. (2012) Retrieved 03:25, August 23, 2012 from http://www. imdb. com/name/nm0004896/bio Editorial Board(2011) Introduction to Psycholo gy, Electronic Version. Pgs 95-97,100-101,184. Words of Wisdom LLC. Retrieved from course smart solutions database. Maslow’s Theory of Motivation(2012) Retrieved 01:51, August 30,2012. From http:www. envisionsoftware. com/articles/Masolw_Needs_Hierarchy